Author(s):
Aparício, Graça 
; Cunha, Madalena ; Duarte, João ; Pereira, Anabela ; Bonito, Jorge ; Albuquerque, Carlos
Date: 2013
Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8553
Origin: Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora
Subject(s): Weight status; Body image; Mother's perception; Overweight children
Description
Background: Studies in several countries indicate that parents show little concern and aren’t
much aware of the nutritional status of their children, and have the tendency to underestimate
the overweight which may present a difficulty when promoting healthier life styles. The aim of
this study was to identify maternal body image perceptions in preschool children and analyze its
relationship with nutritional status and family social demographic variables.
Methods: A transversal and descriptive study was developed in a sample of 1424 preschool children
and their mothers living in several parts of Portugal. The children were weighted and
measured by trained personnel, the BMI was calculated and the nutritional status was classified
according to the NCHS referential (CDC, 2000).1 Mother’s real and ideal body image perception
from their children was evaluated according to Collins’ body image silhouettes (1991).2
Results: The ideal and real perception was translated in a negative index on both children’s
genders, however 67.2% of the mothers revealed accuracy of perception, while 22.3% had a
negative and 12.8% a positive discrepancy, being this significant concerning gender and age of
the children. Children’s actual weight status (ie, 60.2% normal weight, 16.9% overweight, 17.4%
obese and 5.5% underweight) was significantly different from their parents’ perceptions (ie,
52.3% normal weight, 27.5% overweight 0.6% obesity and 19.6% underweight) explaining in
25.9% the variability of this perception. Globally 42.3% has no discrepancy but 44.3% thinks that
children were thin and 13.4% heavier. This difference is significant concerning the age and scholarship
of the mothers but has no relation with the income and residence.
Conclusion: Despite signs of a positive trend, mothers continue to show difficulty in recognizing
the children’s nutritional status, so effective public health strategies to increase parents’
awareness could be the first step in an effort to prevent childhood obesity.
