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Esterification of free fatty acids over chitosan with sulfonic acid groups
Caetano, CS; Caiado, M; Ramos, A; Fonseca, I; Vital, J; Castanheiro, JChitosan, which is an abundant biopolymer, with sulfonic acid groups was used as an efficient, environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification of free fatty acids with methanol into their more fatty acid methyl ester. Sulfonic acid catalysts supported on chitosan have been studied in the esterification of palmitic acid with methanol at 60 C. The sulfonic acid groups were introduced onto ...
Esterification of fatty acids to biodiesel over polymers with sulfonic acid groups
Caetano, CS; Guerreiro, L; Fonseca, I; Ramos, A; Vital, J; Castanheiro, JEThe esterification of palmitic acid with methanol was studied using poly(vinyl alcohol) cross-linked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) and polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene with sulfonic acid groups, as catalysts, at 60 ºC. It was observed that the PVAmatrixes with sulfonic acid groups were more active than the polystyrene ones. With the most active polymeric matrix (PVA_SSA40), an almost 90% equilibrium...
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