During ectomycorrhizal (ECM) establishment, biochemical signals lead to the development of complex structures in both the plant and the fungus that ultimately result in the formation of an ectomycorrhiza. The cross-talk between partners begins before physical contact. Our objective was to investigate the chemical nature of the signals during the first stages of in vitro mycorrhization of Pinus pinea with Pisoli...
O presente invento diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de um sistema e método de cultura in vitro (1,2) constituído por duas fases, uma sólida (3,4,5) e uma líquida (6), a primeira para suporte da planta (7,8) e a segunda para permitir a análise do meio circundante das raízes (9). Este sistema foi desenhado para permitir uma fácil extracção dos compostos metabólicos libertados/difundidos na fase líquida durante o c...
Juniperus navicularis Gand (= J. oxycedrus L. subsp. transtagana Franco) is an endemic dioecious shrub from the Plio-Plistocene transition sands of the west Portuguese coast line. It grows in sole or mixed stands along with Pinus pinea and P. pinaster and, more rarely, with Quercus lusitanica. In order to reduce fire incidence in these Mediterranean mixed stands, forest management practices of mechanical or che...
In conifers, vegetative propagation of superior genotypes is the most direct means for making large genetic gains, because it allows a large proportion of genetic diversity to be captured in a single cycle of selection. There are two aims of vegetative propagation, namely large-scale multiplication of select genotypes and production of large numbers of plants from scarce and costly seed that originates from con...
In the present study of Pinus pinea L., further improvement of microshoot rooting was achieved by applying Cool-white light at increased intensity from 60 to 90 µmol m-2 s-1. In contrast, light provided by Gro-lux lamps promoted rooting of the microshoots at the same frequency regardless of its intensity. Majority of microshoots (70.4%) grown under Cool-white lamps at the intensity of 90 µmol m-2 s-1 were also ...
Pinus pinea L. (stone pine) is one of the major plantation species in Iberian Peninsula, being Portugal the largest edible seed producer in the world. The induction and improvement of in vitro rhizogenesis of microshoots of Pinus pinea was developed in our laboratory using a co-culture system with ECM fungi. In the acclimation phase in mixed substrates, or in rhizotrons, anatomical and morphological studies wer...
In conifers, vegetative propagation of superior genotypes is the most direct means for making large genetic gains, because it allows a large proportion of genetic diversity to be captured in a single cycle of selection. There are two aims of vegetative propagation, namely large-scale multiplication of select genotypes and production of large numbers of plants from scarce and costly seed that originates from con...
In this review, we address the role of stress as one of the principal causes for a cell or tissue to change its preexisting somatic program, reprogramming itself to express the embryogenic pathway. The focus of this paper is the effect of different stress conditions on the induction phase of plant somatic embryogenesis, as well as the development of embryogenic competence as a result of the applied stresses. We...
The gymnosperm Pinus pinea L. (stone pine) is a typical Mediterranean pine used for nuts and timber production,and as an ornamental around the world. Pine genomes are large in comparison to other species. The hypothesis that retrotransposons, such as gymny, made a large contribution to this alteration in genome size was recently confirmed. However, P. pinea is unique in other various aspects. P. pinea demonstra...
In stone pine (Pinus pinea L.), clonal propagation via adventitious shoot formation from cotyledons has been reported before but rooting of these shoots is poor. The number of rooted shoots had low frequency limiting the used of micropropagation protocols as a choice for mass propagation of superior genotypes. Therefore the main objective of the present work was to increase the number and quality of roots per s...
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