Construction and Building Materials 54 (2014) 378–384 ; The new version of EN 459-1 standard for building limes redefined the classes of hydraulic limes and made the producers reformulate or reclassify their natural hydraulic limes. This work evaluates the mechanical, physical and microstructural behavior of mortars formulated with a recently produced natural hydraulic lime NHL3.5 that conforms to EN 459-1, su...
Cement & Concrete Composites 45 (2014) 264–271 ; This work evaluates the influence of binder:aggregate ratio on the mineralogical and mechanical properties of air lime–metakaolin mortars. Mineralogical analysis showed that binder:aggregate ratio affects the extent of carbonation and pozzolanic reactions with curing. The pozzolanic reaction occurs mostly at lower curing times (28 days), while, at higher curing ...
Construction and Building Materials 51 (2014) 287–294 ; This paper investigates the mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of natural hydraulic lime NHL3.5 (NHL) mortars with different% of lime replacement by metakaolin (MK) under different laboratory and natural marine curing conditions. Tests were conducted at different curing ages, using compressive and flexural strength tests and thermogravimetric an...
Argamassas 2014 - I Simpósio de Argamassas e Soluções Térmicas de Revestimento, 5-6 Junho, ITeCons, Universidade de Coimbra ; A terra é um dos materiais de construção mais antigos e os vestígios arqueológicos mostram o seu uso desde as primeiras sociedades agrícolas. Trata-se de um recurso natural abundante na natureza, ou seja, um material acessível, económico e ecológico. Em Portugal a terra foi muitas vezes...
9th International Masonry Conference 2014, 7-9 July, Universidade do Minho, Guimarães ; A common degradation phenomenon in historical renders is the cohesion loss of the binder:aggregate system, which is often linked to the presence of soluble salts. Cohesion is recovered through the application of consolidant products, being inorganics preferred due to their compatibility and durability. The aesthetic functio...
3rd Historic Mortars Conference, 11-14 September 2013, Glasgow, Scotland ; The consolidation process of old renders with loss of cohesion is nowadays performed usually with inorganic compatible products, such as calcium or barium hydroxide or ethyl silicate. The use of organic consolidants as acrylic or vinilic resins is discouraged due to its physico-chemical incompatibility with the original lime-based rende...
3rd Historic Mortars Conference, 11-14 September 2013, Glasgow, Scotland ; The need to formulate mortar compositions with adequate durability and compatibility is nowadays one of the major challenges in historical buildings repair. The incorporation of pozzolanic materials as addition or replacement of lime is viewed as a solution to these challenges regarding the increase in hardening time, mechanical strengt...
Materials Science Forum Vols. 730-732 (2013) pp 433-438 ; Pozzolanicity is a very interesting issue regarding building materials, as a way to enhance mortars and concrete durability. This property results from the reaction between calcium hydroxide and silica and alumina based materials. Different types of natural and artificial pozzolans show pozzolanic activities that differ depending on the materials charac...
This paper studies the effect of maturation on mortars prepared according to a traditional method of slaking quicklime mixed with sand and kept wet until used (hot lime mix). Two lime/aggregate weight proportions were considered, a rich one (1:5) and a normal one (1:13). The quicklime was used as pieces of crushed calcined limestone and as micronized quicklime, both from industrial production. The mortars prepa...
A new interest in the preservation of mortars, plasters and decorative finishings in façades has emerged in certain European countries in the past thirty to forty years, with a view to understanding how they have evolved throughout History. There is a growing interest in learning about the composi-tion and execution techniques of original surfaces and a number of Heritage Institutions have encour-aged the syste...
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