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Salt Fluxes in a Complex River Mouth System of Portugal
Vaz, N.; Silva, J.; Dias, J. M.Measurements of velocity and salinity near the mouth and head of the Espinheiro channel (Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal) are used to study the local variation of physical water properties and to assess the balance, under steady conditions, between the seaward salt transport induced by river discharge and the landward dispersion induced by various mixing mechanisms. This assessment is made using data sampled dur...
The national inventory of geosites in Portugal
Brilha, J. B.; Alcalá, A.; Almeida, A.; Araújo, A.; Azerêdo, Ana; Azevedo, M. R.; Barriga, Fernando; Silveira, A. Brum; Cabral, J.; Cachão, M.During the last three years geoscientists of various institutions have developed a project aiming the setup of a geoconservation strategy in Portugal (Brilha, 2009). One of the main goals of the project was the establishment of an inventory of the most important Portuguese geosites, under the scientific point of view. In a near future, national authorities will consider this inventory as a technical support for...
Effects of strain and age on ear wound healing and regeneration in mice
Costa,R.A.; Ruiz-de-Souza,V.; Azevedo Jr.,G.M.; Vaz,N.M.; Carvalho,C.R.Round holes in the ears of MRL mice tend to close with characteristics of regeneration believed to be absent in other mouse strains (e.g., C57BL/6). We evaluated the kinetics and the histopathology of ear wound closure in young (8 weeks old) C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. We also used middle-aged (40 weeks old) C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the influence of aging on this process. A circular through-and-through hole was ma...
Evolution and conservation of immunological activity
Vaz,N.M.Paraphrasing what Gregory Bateson says on evolution, we might say that: "Immunology has long been badly taught. In particular, students - and even professional immunologists - acquire theories of immunological activity without any deep understanding of what problems these theories attempt to solve."
Immunoglobulin production is impaired in protein-deprived mice and can be resto...
Amaral,J.F.; Foschetti,D.A.; Assis,F.A.; Menezes,J.S.; Vaz,N.M.; Faria,A.M.C.Most contacts with food protein and microbiota antigens occur at the level of the gut mucosa. In animal models where this natural stimulation is absent, such as germ-free and antigen-free mice, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and systemic immunological activities are underdeveloped. We have shown that food proteins play a critical role in the full development of the immune system. C57BL/6 mice weaned ...
Horizontal patterns of water temperature and salinity in an estuarine tidal cha...
Vaz, N.; Dias, J. M.; Leitao, P.; Martins, W.This work presents results from two complementary and interconnected approaches to study water temperature and salinity patterns in an estuarine tidal channel. This channel is one of the four main branches of the Ria de Aveiro, a shallow lagoon located in the Northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Longitudinal and cross-sectional fields of water temperature and salinity were determined by spatial interpolati...
Increased polyclonal immunoglobulin reactivity toward human and bacterial prote...
Fesel, C.; Goulart, L.F.; Neto, A.S.; Coelho, A.; Fontes, C.J.F.; Braga, E.M.; Vaz, N.M.The observed difference in polyclonal antibody production seems related to intrinsic activation states of infected individuals, rather than to parasite-antigen specific immune responses. However, it appears influenced by preceding stimuli. This supports the idea that acquired clinical immunity may not exclusively depend on antigen-specific responses, but also on the individual polyclonal reaction.
The conservative physiology of the immune system
Vaz,N.M.; Faria,A.M.C. de; Verdolin,B.A.; Silva Neto,A.F.; Menezes,J.S.; Carvalho,C.R.Current immunological opinion disdains the necessity to define global interconnections between lymphocytes and regards natural autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells as intrinsically pathogenic. Immunological theories address the recognition of foreignness by independent clones of lymphocytes, not the relations among lymphocytes or between lymphocytes and the organism. However, although extremely variable in c...
Ethanol-induced colitis prevents oral tolerance induction in mice
Andrade,M.C.; Vaz,N.M.; Faria,A.M.C.The gut mucosa is a major site of contact with antigens from food and microbiota. Usually, these daily contacts with natural antigens do not result in inflammatory reactions; instead they result in a state of systemic hyporesponsiveness named oral tolerance. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with the breakdown of the immunoregulatory mechanisms that maintain oral tolerance. Several animal models ...
Indirect effects of oral tolerance to ovalbumin interfere with the immune respo...
Carvalho,C.R.; Lenzi,H.L.; Correa-Oliveira,R.; Vaz,N.M.The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the injection of a tolerated protein (indirect effects) affects the formation of granulomas around Schistosoma mansoni eggs trapped in the lungs after intravenous (iv) injection into normal (noninfected) C57BL/6 mice (6 animals per group). To induce oral tolerance to chicken egg ovalbumin a 1/5 dilution of egg white in water was offered ad libitum in...
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