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Neuropeptide kyotorphin (tyrosyl-arginine) has decreased levels in the cerebro-...
Santos, Sara Matos; Garcia-Nimo, Laura; Sá Santos, Sónia; Tavares, Isaura; Cocho, José A.; Castanho, Miguel A. R. B.In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), besides the characteristic deterioration of memory, studies also point to a higher pain tolerance in spite of sensibility preservation. A change in the normal tau protein phosphorylation is also characteristic of AD, which contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease and is useful in early diagnosis. Kyotorphin (KTP) is an endoge-nous analgesic dipeptide (Tyr-Arg) for which there ...
Fetal pain - neurobiological causes and consequences.
Gonçalves, Nuno; Rebelo, Sandra; Tavares, IsauraThe existence of putatively painful situations to the fetus demands a careful evaluation of the issue of fetal pain. Several indirect approaches are used to evaluate the existence of fetal pain. Neurobiological studies showed that from the 30th week on, the anatomical and physiological system for pain transmission is already developed, with the connections from the periphery to the cortex being successively est...
Medullary control of nociceptive transmission : reciprocal dual communication w...
Almeida, Armando; Almeida, Hugo Leite; Tavares, IsauraControl of pain perception, essential for organism surviving and recovery from disease, is exerted by higher brain centers integrating nociception with emotional and cognitive information and modulating the brainstem-spinal feedback loops that regulate spinal nociceptive transmission. Development of chronic pain deregulates the forebrain-brainstem-spinal pain control system, which leads to neuroplasticity and d...
Brain afferents to the lateral caudal ventrolateral medulla : a retrograde and ...
Cobos, Angeles; Lima, Deolinda; Almeida, Armando; Tavares, IsauraThe ventrolateral medulla (VLM) modulates autonomic functions, motor reactions and pain responses. The lateralmost part of the caudal VLM (VLMlat) was recently shown to be the VLM area responsible for pain modulation. In the present study, the brain sources of VLMlat afferent fibers were determined by tract-tracing techniques. Following injection of cholera toxin subunit B into the VLMlat, retrogradely labeled ...
Brain afferents to the medullary dorsal reticular nucleus : a retrograde and an...
Almeida, Armando; Cobos, Angeles; Tavares, Isaura; Lima, DeolindaThe medullary dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt) was recently shown to belong to the supraspinal pain control system; neurons within this nucleus give origin to a descending projection that increases spinal nociceptive transmission and facilitates pain perception [Almeida et al. (1999), Eur. J. Neurosci., 11, 110-122]. In the present study, the areas of the brain that may modulate the activity of DRt neurons were i...
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