Encontrados 51 documentos, a visualizar página 1 de 6
Horizontal mergers and product quality
Brekke, Kurt R.; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd RuneUsing a spatial competition framework with three ex ante identical firms, we study the effects of a horizontal merger on quality, price and welfare. The merging firms always reduce quality. They also increase prices if demand responsiveness to quality is sufficiently low. The non-merging firm, on the other hand, always responds by increasing both quality and prices. Overall, a merger leads to higher average pri...
Hospital mergers with regulated prices
Brekke, Kurt R.; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd RuneWe study the effects of a hospital merger using a spatial competition framework with semialtruistic hospitals that invest in quality and expend cost-containment effort facing regulated prices. We find that the merging hospitals always reduce quality, whereas non-merging hospitals respond by increasing (reducing) quality if qualities are strategic substitutes (complements). A merger leads to higher average treat...
Price regulation and parallel imports of pharmaceuticals
Brekke, Kurt R; Holmas, Tor Helge; Straume, Odd RuneThis paper studies the effects of price regulation and parallel imports in the onpatent pharmaceutical market. First, we develop a theory model in which a pharmacy negotiates producer prices with a brand-name firm and then sets retail prices. We show that the effects of price regulation crucially depend on whether the producer faces competition from parallel imports. While parallel imports improve the bargainin...
Hospital mergers : a spatial competition approach
Brekke, Kurt R.; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd RuneUsing a spatial competition framework with three ex ante identical hospitals, we study the effects of a hospital merger on quality, price and welfare. The merging hospitals always reduce quality, but the non-merging hospital responds by reducing quality if prices are fixed and increasing quality if not. The merging hospitals increase prices if demand responsiveness to quality is sufficiently low, whereas the no...
Mommy tracks and public policy : on self-fulfilling prophecies and gender gaps ...
Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Straume, Odd Rune; Vagstad, SteinarConsider a model with two types of jobs. The profitability of promoting a worker to a fast-track job depends not only on his or her observable talent, but also on incontractible effort. We investigate whether self-fulfilling expectations may lead to higher promotion standards for women. If employers expect women to do more household work than men, thereby exerting less effort in their paid job, then women must ...
Preschool education in Brazil : does public supply crowd out private enrollment?
Bastos, Paulo; Straume, Odd RuneWe examine if an expansion in the supply of public preschool crowds-out private enrollment using rich data for municipalities in Brazil from 2000-2006, where federal transfers to local governments change discontinuously with given population thresholds. Results from a regression-discontinuity design reveal that larger federal transfers lead to a significant expansion of local public preschool services, but show...
Employment protection and unemployment benefits : on technology adoption and jo...
Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Straume, Odd Rune; Vagstad, SteinarWe analyse the effects of different labour market policies - employment protection, unemployment benefits and payroll taxes - on job creation and technology choices in a model where firms are randomly matched with workers of different productivity and wages are determined by ex-post bargaining. In this setting, unemployment benefits are unambiguously detrimental both to job creation and technology adoption whil...
Hospital competition with soft budgets
Brekke, Kurt R.; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd RuneWe study the incentives for hospitals to provide quality and expend cost-reducing effort when their budgets are soft, i.e., the payer may cover deficits or confiscate surpluses. The basic set up is a Hotelling model with two hospitals that differ in location and face demand uncertainty, where the hospitals run deficits (surpluses) in the high (low) demand state. Softer budgets reduce cost efficiency, while the ...
Privatization and corporate restructuring
Bastos, Paulo; Monteiro, Natália; Straume, Odd RuneWe examine corporate restructuring following privatization using uncommonly rich data on the population of Portuguese firms from 1991-2009. We find that privatization leads to sizable job losses, refl ecting reductions in both the number of establishments and in the number of workers per establishment. We find no robust evidence of impacts on the structure of the workforce. The estimated job losses following...
Can competition reduce quality?
Brekke, Kurt R.; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd RuneWe study the effect of competition on quality in markets such as health care, long-term care and education, when providers choose both prices and quality in a setting of spatial competition. We offer a novel mechanism whereby competition leads to lower quality. This mechanism relies on two key assumptions, namely that the providers are motivated and riskaverse. Our proposed mechanism can help explain several em...
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