Knowledge of the chemical identity and role of urinary pheromones in fish is scarce, yet necessary to understand the integration of multiple senses in adaptive responses and the evolution of chemical communication. In nature, Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) males form hierarchies and females mate preferentially with dominant territorial males which they visit in aggregations or leks.
During our screening of tropical plants for endophyte microorganisms, a Xylareaceous fungus was found living on the internal part of Sapindus saponaria fruits. The fruits of S. saponaria accumulate great amounts of triterpenoidal and sesquiterpenoidal saponins. The saponin 3-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin was isolated using chrom...
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