The volume of tyre rubber wastes is increasing at a fast rate. An estimated 1000 million tyres reach the end of their useful lives every year and 5000 millions more are expected to be discarded in a regular basis by the year 2030. Up to now a small part is recycled and millions of tyres are just stockpiled, landfilled or buried. This paper reviews research published on the performance of concrete containing tyr...
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. However, the production of Portland cement as the essential constituent of concrete requires a considerable energy level and also releases a significant amount of chemical carbon dioxide emissions and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. Global demand will increase almost 200 % by 2050 from 2010 levels. Thus, seeking an e...
The production of sewage sludge from waste water treatment plants is increasing all over the world. Disposal of sewage sludge is a serious environmental problem. If we think of the areas needed for sludge ash disposal, we clearly understand the importance of reusing sewage sludge ash in concrete. This paper presents results related to the replacement of sand by sewage sludge ash. The sludge was characterized fo...
Some investigations about conservation renders points out that Portland cement based mortars should be avoided and should be replaced by lime-pozzolan mortars. However, this type of mortar is still under investigation and the majority of Portuguese construction enterprises operating in the field of building conservation do not possess enough know-how about them. Besides the absolute rejection of the use of Port...
Although history reveals that air lime mortars with added vegetable fat (ALVF) were used very often in the past, little knowledge about them survives to modern times. Little is known about the influence of fat addition on the mortars’ durability, and some details about their manufacture and application are completely unknown. Even less is understood about the mechanisms that explain the behavior of ALVF-based m...
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