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Continuous adiabatic industrial benzene nitration with mixed acid at a pilot pl...
Quadros, Paulo A.; Oliveira, Nuno M. C.; Baptista, Cristina M. S. G.A pilot plant for the continuous adiabatic nitration of benzene was constructed, reproducing the industrial operating conditions, in order to identify the reaction regime prevailing in this industrial process. Important process parameters were tested covering a wide range of operating conditions: reaction temperature (80-135 °C), benzene to nitric acid molar feed ratio (0.96-1.15) and stirring speed (390-1700 r...
Different Modeling Approaches for a Heterogeneous Liquid-Liquid Reaction Process
Quadros, Paulo A.; Reis, Marco S.; Baptista, Cristina M. S. G.Multivariate linear regression (MLR) techniques were used to develop empirical models which are able to predict the formation of the main product and byproducts of the adiabatic benzene nitration process, as a function of the main operating conditions. Experiments carried out in a pilot plant enabled us to reproduce the operating conditions of the industrial process, providing experimental data in the intermedi...
Different Modeling Approaches for a Heterogeneous Liquid−Liquid Reaction Process
Quadros, Paulo A.; Reis, Marco S.; Baptista, Cristina M. S. G.Multivariate linear regression (MLR) techniques were used to develop empirical models which are able to predict the formation of the main product and byproducts of the adiabatic benzene nitration process, as a function of the main operating conditions. Experiments carried out in a pilot plant enabled us to reproduce the operating conditions of the industrial process, providing experimental data in the intermedi...
Benzene nitration: validation of heterogeneous reaction models
Quadros, Paulo A.; Oliveira, Nuno M. C.; Baptista, Cristina M. S. G.The film and the Danckwerts penetration models were used to model the heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction of benzene nitration. Analytical solutions were developed for both models considering a pseudo-first order reaction. Models were confronted with experimental results showing good predictions in the intermediate reaction regime (0.3<Ha<2). Profiles of both models were evaluated confirming similarities and i...
Nitrophenols Reduction in the Benzene Adiabatic Nitration Process
Quadros, Paulo A.; Castro, José A. A. M. Castro; Baptista, Cristina M. S. G.The benzene adiabatic nitration process has been carried out in a pilot plant to enable the study of this reaction under relevant industrial operating conditions, aiming to increase the reaction conversion and selectivity by reducing the nitrophenols. The influence of relevant operating parameters such as the reaction temperature, benzene-to-nitric acid molar feed ratio (FB/FN), and stirring speed was studied. ...
Effective interfacial area in agitated liquid–liquid continuous reactors
Quadros, Paulo A.A chemical method has been used to quantify the e ective interfacial area in a ba4ed continuous stirred liquid–liquid reactor. Two and four straight paddle impellers were used in the experimental runs, at 34◦C, with hold-up fractions of dispersed organic phase between 0.061 and 0.166 and stirring speed ranging from 360 to 1500 rpm. In:uence of the residence time on the formation of the interfacial area generate...
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