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Planar LAAPDs: temperature dependence, performance, and application in low-ener...
Ludhova, L.; Amaro, F. D.; Antognini, A.; Biraben, F.; Cardoso, J. M. R.; Conde, C. A. N.; Covita, D. S.; Dax, A.; Dhawan, S.; Fernandes, L. M. P.An experiment measuring the 2S Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen ([mu]-p) was performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland. It required small and compact detectors for 1.9 keV X-rays (2P-1S transition) with an energy resolution around 25% at 2 keV, a time resolution better than 100 ns, a large solid angle coverage, and insensitivity to a 5 T magnetic field. We chose Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes (LAAPDs...
Application of large-area avalanche photodiodes to X-ray spectrometry of muonic...
Fernandes, L. M. P.; Antognini, A.; Boucher, M.; Conde, C. A. N.; Huot, O.; Knowles, P. E.; Kottmann, F.; Ludhova, L.; Mulhauser, F.; Pohl, R.Large-area avalanche photodiodes have been investigated as 1.9-keV X-ray detectors for the muonic hydrogen Lamb-shift experiment. We report experimental tests carried out for evaluation of the avalanche photodiode capabilities for X-ray detection in the intense radiation and low counting rate environment of experiments with muonic atoms. Several muonic atoms were used and it was shown that the electronic backgr...
Large area APDs for low energy X-ray detection in intense magnetic fields
Boucher, M.; Huot, O.; Knowles, P. E.; Ludhova, L.; Mulhauser, F.; Schaller, L. A.; Conde, C. A. N.; Santos, J. M. F. dos; Fernandes, L. M. P.An experiment to measure the energy difference between the 2S-2P atomic levels (Lamb shift) in muonic hydrogen is being prepared at PSI. Since the energy levels of muonic hydrogen are a factor of 186 more energetic than those of hydrogen, according to the ratio of reduced masses, the transitions lie in the soft X-ray region. The experiment needs long-lived muonic hydrogen in the 2S state. This is achieved by st...
Behaviour of large-area avalanche photodiodes under intense magnetic fields for...
Fernandes, L. M. P.; Antognini, A.; Boucher, M.; Conde, C. A. N.; Huot, O.; Knowles, P.; Kottmann, F.; Ludhova, L.; Mulhauser, F.; Pohl, R.The behaviour of large-area avalanche photodiodes for X-rays, visible and vacuum-ultra-violet (VUV) light detection in magnetic fields up to 5 T is described. For X-rays and visible light detection, the photodiode pulse amplitude and energy resolution were unaffected from 0 to 5 T, demonstrating the insensitivity of this type of detector to strong magnetic fields. For VUV light detection, however, the photodiod...
The Muonic Hydrogen Lamb Shift Experiment at PSI
Kottmann, F.; Amir, W.; Biraben, F.; Conde, C.; Dhawan, S.; Hänsch, T.; Hartmann, F.; Hughes, V.; Huot, O.; Indelicato, P.; Julien, L.; Knowles, P.Abstract A measurement of the 2S Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen (µ-p) is being prepared at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The goal of the experiment is to measure the energy difference ?E(25 P 3/2-23 S 1/2) by laser spectroscopy (?˜6µm) to a precision of 30 ppm and to deduce the root mean square (rms) proton charge radius with 10-3 relative accuracy, 20 times more precise than presently known. An important...
Experiment to measure the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen
Pohl, R.; Biraben, F.; Conde, C. A. N.; Gay, C. Donche; Hänsch, T. W.; Hartmann, F. J.; Hauser, P.; Hughes, V. W.; Huot, O.; Indelicato, P.; Knowles, P.Abstract The contribution of the root mean square (RMS) proton charge radius to the Lamb shift (2S–2P energy difference) in muonic hydrogen (µp) amounts to 2%. Apart from the uncertainty on this charge radius, theory predicts the Lamb shift with a precision on the ppm level. We are going to measure ?E (2 S1/2(F=1)–2 P3/2(F=2)) in a laser resonance experiment to a precision of 30 ppm (i.e., 10% of the natural l...
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