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Revisiting cooling energy requirements of residential buildings in Portugal in ...

Since climate data for building energy simulation have recently been refreshed with 1971–2000 observational data and theoretically influenced by a conservative approach of climate change, benchmarks forcooling energy requirements for residential buildings are discussed for a set of 30 regions in Portugal,mainland and islands, as a contribution to the next revision of Portuguese building thermal code (DL118/201...

Passive cooling load ratio method

The method Passive Cooling Load Ratio (PCLR) is an innovative simplified method which calculates the monthly cooling energy needs of a thermal zone where passive cooling systems are installed using the variables: cooling energy load and passive cooling potential. This new method is based on the Solar Load Ratio (SLR) that was previously developed for solar heating systems. Although, PCLR was theoretically devel...

Energy performance certificate: a valuable tool for building-to-grid interaction?

New challenges were opened with the recast of Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, requiring by 2020 that new buildings be “nearly Zero-Energy Buildings” (nearly ZEB). In addition to consumer buildings, Net ZEBs are also producers’ by using as much renewable energy sources as possible to compensate the building energy load. Sustainable cities require energy-efficient buildings, i.e. buildings where the us...

How low should be the energy required by a nearly Zero-Energy Building? The loa...

Directive 2010/31/EU adopted that by the end of 2020 all new buildings should be nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB) and Member States should achieve cost-optimal levels by ensuring minimum energy performance requirements for buildings. This paper discusses how low should be the energy required by a nZEB, in the context of housing energy consumption in a Mediterranean climate (Lisbon). For selected houses built...

New energy performance indexes for energy-efficient interactive buildings

This paper argues that promoting energy supply by Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in buildings, namely residential, requires additional informative indexes to be included in buildings Energy Performance Certificates. The load-generation approach for the energy balance is here discussed, and compared with the current recommended by CEN/TR 15615, i.e. the delivered-exported approach. Besides the Energy Performance...

Solar Load Ratio and ISO 13790 methodologies: Indirect gains from sunspaces

This paper reviews and analyzes the compatibility of the simplified empirical method based on the dimensionless parameter of Solar Load Ratio (SLR) and the monthly procedure of the standard ISO 13790 for indirect gains, specifically for unconditioned zones adjacent to a conditioned zone, but separated from it by a partition wall (sunspaces). The main contribution of the work presented here is the new formulatio...

Em direcção à Energia Zero/Towards Zero Energy

Assessement of the Portuguese building thermal code: Newly revised requirements...

In this paper, cooling energy needs are calculated by the steady-state methodology of the Portuguese building thermal code. After the first period of building code implementation, re-evaluation according to EN ISO 13790 is recommended in order to compare results with the dynamic simulation results. From these analyses, a newly revised methodology arises including a few corrections in procedure. This iterative r...

Solar XXI building: Proof of concept or a concept to be proved?

Solar XXI building is a low energy office building where passive and active solar strategies have been applied to reduce the use of energy for heating,cooling and lighting, combining also an extensive photovoltaic façade for electricity production. Solar XXI opened in 2006 and is considered a high efficient building, close to a net zero energy building (NZEB), where the difference between the energy consumed an...

Portuguese thermal building legislation and stategies for the future

Portugal must evaluate, according to the Energu Performance Building Directive, the national requirements for energy performance of new buildings until 2011, which can be an opportunity to devise a national stretegy that tightens the minimum energy performance requirements. The present study intends to analyze the changes that should be introduced in the Portuguese Regulation to achieve highl energy efficient b...