We characterize pointed categories having semidirect products in the sense of D. Bourn and G. Janelidze ([3]) providing necessary and sufficient conditions for a pointed category to admit semidirect products and interpreting these conditions in terms of protomodularity and exactness of certain split chains.
We show that two known conditions which naturally arose in commutator theory and in the theory of internal crossed modules coincide: every starmultiplicative graph is multiplicative if and only if every two e ective equivalence relations commute as soon as so do their normalisations. This answers a question asked by George Janelidze.
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