This work aims at characterizing endoscope biofilm-isolated (PAI) and 2 reference strain P. aeruginosa (PA) adhesion, biofilm formation and sensitivity 3 to antibiotics. The recovery ability of the biofilm-growing bacteria subjected to 4 intermittent antibiotic pressure [ciprofloxacin (CIP) and gentamicin (GM)], as 5 well as the development of resistance towards antibiotics and benzalkonium 6 chloride (BC), wer...
This study aimed to assess the membrane modifications in Pseudomonas aeruginosa after continuous exposure to increasing doses of benzalkonium chloride (BC). Two different concentrations were used, 0.9 and 12.0 mM. Proteomic investigations revealed that the range of the outermembrane proteome alterations following continuous exposure is very low, i.e. about 10% and BC concentration dependent. Adapted cells revea...
Colony morphology may be an indicator of phenotypic variation, this being an important adaptive process adopted by bacteria to overcome environmental stressors. Furthermore, alterations in colony traits may reflect increased virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Despite the potential relevance of using colony morphological traits, the influence of experimental conditions on colony morphogenesis has been scarc...
Background: Consortia of microorganisms, commonly known as biofilms, are attracting much attention from the scientific community due to their impact in human activity. As biofilm research grows to be a data-intensive discipline, the need for suitable bioinformatics approaches becomes compelling to manage and validate individual experiments, and also execute inter-laboratory large-scale comparisons. However, bio...
The main goal of this work was to examine whether the continuous exposure of single and binary P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilms to sub-lethal benzalkonium chloride (BC) doses can induce adaptive response of bacteria. Biofilms were formed during 24 h and then put continuously in contact with BC for more 5 days. The six-day-old adapted biofilms were then submitted to BC challenge, characterized and inspected by...
Bacteria in nature are “plagued“ by various unpredictable environmental stresses, being population diversity one of the strategies adopted to survive. Phenotypic switching is one of the evolution processes that causes commutation between phenotypic states. This phenomenon shows up as variation in colony morphology. Alterations in colony morphotype traits may reveal altered cellular basis phenotype which can con...
Bacterial colonisation of indwelling devices followed by biofilm formation remains a serious threat in clinical field as it is commonly associated to persistent infections. Once adhered to a surface, bacteria embed themselves in a self-produced matrix mainly composed of extracellular polymeric substances which confers them protection against antimicrobial agents and the host immune system. Early bacterial adhes...
Bacterial species are found primarily as residents of complex surface-associated communities, known as biofilms. Although these structures prevail in nature, bacteria still exist in planktonic lifestyle and differ from those in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the influence of physiological states of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in cell-to-cell interactions....
Geobacter species are important in the reduction of metals (e.g. Fe, Mn) in soils and sediments and constitute one of the most effective microorganisms known to use electrodes as the sole electron acceptor in microbial fuel cells to generate electricity. G. sulfurreducens transfers electrons directly to the electrode from different external membrane cytochromes. Each cytochrome is associated with a range of el...
Geobacter sulfurreducens is a bacteria that can transfer electrons directly to the electrode from different external membrane cytochromes. Each cytochrome is associated with a range of electrical potentials, being energetically more favourable than some others. Different growth conditions of the bacteria, such as temperature, may influence the prevalence of certain cytochromes in the external membrane. The aim ...
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