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Resolving the Azorean knot: a response to Carine & Schaefer (2010)

Copyright © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ; Carine & Schaefer (Journal of Biogeography, 2010, 37, 77–89) suggest that the lack of past climate oscillations in the Azores may have contributed to the low plant endemism in this archipelago compared to that of the Canary Islands, a pattern they term the Azorean diversity enigma. Here we challenge their hypothesis, and discuss how the particular characteristics of...

Macroecological patterns of species distribution, composition and richness of t...

We investigate the macroecological patterns of the terrestrial biota of the Azorean archipelago, namely the species-range size distributions, the distance decay of similarity, and the island species–area relationship (ISAR). We use the most recent up-to-date checklists to describe the diversity at the island level for nine groups (Lichens, Fungi, Diatoms, Bryophytes, Vascular Plants, Nematodes, Molluscs, Arthro...

Are island and mainland biotas different? Richness and level of generalism in p...

Copyright © 2011 Th e Authors. Oikos © 2011 Nordic Society Oikos. ; Island communities are exposed to several evolutionary and ecological processes that lead to changes in their diversity and structure compared to mainland biotas. These phenomena have been observed for various taxa but not for parasitoids, a key group in terms of community diversity and functioning. Here we use the parasitoid communities assoc...

Species pool structure determines the level of generalism of island parasitoid ...

Copyright © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ; AIM To examine whether island parasitoid faunas are biased towards generalists when compared with the mainland and their species pool, and to evaluate the effects of climate, island characteristics and regional factors on the relative proportions of idiobionts (i.e. generalists) and koinobionts (i.e. specialists) of two parasitic wasp families, Braconidae and Ichneu...

The Macaronesian province: patterns of species richness and endemism of arthropods

"[…]. The Macaronesian arthropod fauna displays a number of characteristics typical of oceanic islands, including a high degree of endemism, ranging from 19% for the Azores (Borges et al., 2005a), to 28% for Madeira (Borges et al., 2008a), 30% for Cape Verde (Arechavaleta etal., 2005) and 45% for the Canary Islands (Izquierdo et al., 2004; see Table I). The preponderance of endemic species has made the Macarone...

List of arthropods (Arthropoda)

Are species-area relationships from entire archipelagos congruent with those of...

Copyright © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ; AIM To establish the extent to which archipelagos follow the same species–area relationship as their constituent islands and to explore the factors that may explain departures from the relationship. LOCATION Thirty-eight archipelagos distributed worldwide. METHODS We used ninety-seven published datasets to create island species–area relationships (ISARs) using the A...

Extinction debt on oceanic islands

Copyright © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Ecography. ; Habitat destruction is the leading cause of species extinctions. However, there is typically a time-lag between the reduction in habitat area and the eventual disappearance of the remnant populations. These “surviving but ultimately doomed” species represent an extinction debt. Calculating the magnitude of such future extinction events has b...

Assessing the areas under risk of invasion within islands through potential dis...

Copyright © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. ; Non-indigenous plant species have been frequently reported as successful invaders in island environments, changing plant community composition and structure. This is the case of the sweet pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), native from Australia, which is one of the most successful plant invaders in the Azores archipelago. Data extracted from recent fores...

Time, area and isolation: factors driving the diversification of Azorean arthro...

Copyright © 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation. ; Copyright © 2008 Blackwell Publishing. ; R. J. Whittaker et al. recently proposed a ‘general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography’ (GDM), providing a general explanation of island biodiversity patterns by relating fundamental biogeographical processes – speciation, immigration, extinction – to area (A) and time (T; maximum island geological age). We...