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Intact extraradical mycelium - a strategy for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a...
Brito, Isabel; Carvalho, Mário; Alho, Luís; Caseiro, Mariline; Goss, Michael J.Arbuscular mycorrhiza are known to contribute to host plant P acquisition and protection against both biotic and abiotic stresses. However the practical exploitation of this mutualistic relationship is rarely considered in agricultural systems, allegedly owing to the cost of inoculation and the requirement for timely colonisation. AMF colonisation starting from an intact extra-radical mycelium (ERM) takes plac...
Soil and weed management for enhancing arbuscular mycorrhiza colonisation of wheat
Brito, Isabel; Carvalho, Mário; Goss, Michael J.Tillage and weed control are critical components of cropping systems that need to be combined such that crops benefit from reduced competition. However, weeds may also contribute to the biological diversity within the agro-environment. This greenhouse study investigated whether common weeds of arable cropping systems were suitable host plants for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), allowing the development of e...
Practical exploitation of mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural systems
Brito, Isabel; Carvalho, Mário; Alho, Luís; Goss, Michael J.Improving the sustainability of agricultural systems requires a more efficacious use of soil resources. Mycorrhizas are known to contribute to host plant P acquisition and protection against both biotic and abiotic stresses, such as soil-borne diseases and toxic metal ions. However, practical exploitation of the mutualistic relationship is rarely considered in agricultural systems, allegedly owing to the cost o...
Impact of tillage system on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal communities in the soi...
Brito, Isabel; Goss, Michael J.; Carvalho, Mário; Chatagnier, Odile; van Tuinen, DiederichA more diverse arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal community should be more versatile and resilient to variation in environmental conditions over space and time. To evaluate the effect of no-till and conventional tillage systems, AM fungal diversity was assessed as part of a long term field experiment by sequencing of DNA, extracted from soil, that encoded the large ribosomal sub-unit and was obtained by nested-P...
Effect of tillage and crop on arbuscular mycorrhiza
Brito, Isabel; Goss, Michael J.; Carvalho, MárioLarge-scale inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is generally impractical in most regions and we have little understanding of the factors that determine inoculation success. Nevertheless, the ability to take full advantage of indigenous AMF for sustainable production needs to be developed within cropping systems. We used part of a long-term field experiment to understand the influence of tillage ...
NO-TILL PROVIDES THE OPPORTUNITY TO MANAGE UNDERGROUND INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ARB...
Brito, Isabel; Carvalho, Mário; Goss, Michael J.; Alho, LuísEarly colonization of crop roots by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is considered beneficial but its importance likely depends on the possible stresses faced by the host plant. Manganese toxicity is one such stress that AM can alleviate. Colonization initiated by extraradical mycelium (ERM) is faster than other sources of inoculum. No-till creates the possibility of encouraging inoculation via this source. At seedin...
Summer survival of arbuscular mycorrhiza extraradical mycelium and the potentia...
Brito, Isabel; Carvalho, Mário; Goss, Michael J.The potential to manage arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation within Mediterranean agricultural systems likely depends on the summer survival of the extraradical mycelium. To investigate this further a three-stage experiment was undertaken. The first stage was the creation of two contrasting levels of extraradical mycelium development, achieved by two contrasting levels of soil disturbance (typifying full ti...
Below ground interactions for sustainable cropping systems.
Goss, Michael J.; Brito, Isabel; Carvalho, Mário; Kadir, S.; de Varennes, A.Key aspects of cropping systems are described in terms of their impacts on soil, water and air resources. The importance of microbial symbiotic relations with crop plants are briefly considered in the context of nutrient resource use efficiency and the resilience of plants to biotic and abiotic stress. It is argued that cropping systems need to include crops with fibrous root systems and legumes in the rotation...
The importance of no-till in the development of cropping systems to maximise be...
Brito, Isabel; Carvalho, Mário; Goss, Michael J.The symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with plant roots presents several benefits to agricultural systems, including improved soil structure, resistance of crops to drought and soil pathogens, and its importance will increase in the future due to the scarcity of P reserves in the world. No-till is a powerful tool to manage AMF in the cropping systems as it allows the use of ERM developed in the p...
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