Water pipe network systems are key public utilities which require being robust, protected and preserved. Knowing their weaknesses will help these processes. The theory of vulnerability of water pipe networks can contribute in this context because it is able to map the vulnerable parts of this type of system. The meaning of vulnerability has been defined as being the disproportionateness of the failure consequen...
A hidrodinâmica dos sistemas estuarinos favorece a retenção de nutrientes, sustentando uma actividade biológica intensa, facto que potencia o desenvolvimento das comunidades ribeirinhas e intensifica o stress ambiental sobre estes ecossistemas aquáticos. No caso do estuário do rio Mondego, além das actividades portuária, balnear, industrial e de exploração de recursos marinhos, a orizicultura surge como a activ...
The south arm of Mondego estuary, located in the central western Atlantic coast of Portugal, is almost silted up in the upstream area. So, the water circulation is mostly driven by tides and the tributary river Pranto discharges. Eutrophication has been taking place in this ecosystem during last twelve years, where macroalgae reach a luxuriant development covering a significant area of the intertidal muddy flat...
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