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Positive epistasis drives the acquisition of multidrug resistance
Trindade, S.; Sousa, A.; Xavier, K.B.; Dionísio, F.; Ferreira, M.G.; Gordo, I.The evolution of multiple antibiotic resistance is an increasing global problem. Resistance mutations are known to impair fitness, and the evolution of resistance to multiple drugs depends both on their costs individually and on how they interact--epistasis. Information on the level of epistasis between antibiotic resistance mutations is of key importance to understanding epistasis amongst deleterious alleles, ...
Positive Epistasis Drives the Acquisition of Multidrug Resistance
Trindade, S.; Sousa, A.; Xavier, KB.; Dionisio, F.; Ferreira, MG.; Gordo, I.The evolution of multiple antibiotic resistance is an increasing global problem. Resistance mutations are known to impair fitness, and the evolution of resistance to multiple drugs depends both on their costs individually and on how they interact-epistasis. Information on the level of epistasis between antibiotic resistance mutations is of key importance to understanding epistasis amongst deleterious alleles, a...
Positive Epistasis Drives the Acquisition of Multidrug Resistance
Trindade, S.; Sousa, A.; Xavier, KB.; Dionisio, F.; Ferreira, MG.; Gordo, I.The evolution of multiple antibiotic resistance is an increasing global problem. Resistance mutations are known to impair fitness, and the evolution of resistance to multiple drugs depends both on their costs individually and on how they interact-epistasis. Information on the level of epistasis between antibiotic resistance mutations is of key importance to understanding epistasis amongst deleterious alleles, a...
Small-word networks decrease the speed of Muller's ratchet
Combadão, J.; Dionisio, F.; Campos, P.R.A.; Gordo, I.; Gomes, M.G.M.Muller's ratchet is an evolutionary process that has been implicated in the extinction of asexual species, the evolution of non-recombining genomes, such as the mitochondria, the degeneration of the Y chromosome, and the evolution of sex and recombination. Here we study the speed of Muller's ratchet in a spatially structured population which is subdivided into many small populations (demes) connected by migrati...
Controlling excludability in the evolution of cooperation
Dionisio, F.; Gordo, I.Background: A tragedy of the commons arises if individuals cannot protect their future use of a depletable resource, and individual fitness increases if individuals exploit the resource at rates beyond sustainability. Natural selection then forces the individuals to diminish, perhaps even to destroy, their resource. One way to protect future use is privatization - that is, locally excluding rivals from the reso...
Muller's ratchet in random graphs and scale free networks
Campos, P.R.A.; Combadão, J.; Dionísio, F.; Gordo, I.Muller's ratchet is an evolutionary process that has been implicated in the extinction of asexual species, the evolution of mitochondria, the degeneration of the Y chromosome, the evolution of sex and recombination and the evolution of microbes. Here we study the speed of Muller's ratchet in a population subdivided into many small subpopulations connected by migration, and distributed on a network. We compare t...
The tragedy of the commons, the public goods dilemma, and the meaning of rivalr...
Dionisio, F.; Gordo, I.Problem: In the study of conflicts, both economists and evolutionary biologists use the concepts ‘tragedy of the commons’ and ‘public goods dilemma’. What is the relationship between the economist and evolutionist views of these concepts? Model features: The economics literature defines the tragedy of the commons and the public goods dilemma in terms of rivalry and excludability of the good. In contrast, evolut...
The evolution of a conjugative plasmid and its ability to increase bacterial fi...
Dionisio, F.; Conceição, I.C.; Marques, A.C.R.; Fernandes, L.; Gordo, I.Conjugative plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA elements that are capable of horizontal transmission and are found in many natural isolated bacteria. Although plasmids may carry beneficial genes to their bacterial host, they may also cause a fitness cost. In this work, we studied the evolution of the R1 plasmid and we found that, in spite of the R1 plasmid conferring an initial cost to its host, after 420 genera...
Nonequilibrium model for estimating parameters of deleterious mutations
Gordo, I.; Dionisio, F.Deleterious mutations are of extreme evolutionary importance because, even though they are eliminated by natural selection, their continuous pressure creates a pool of variability in natural populations. They are of potential relevance for the existence of several features in evolution, such as sexual reproduction, and pose a risk to small asexual populations. Despite their extreme importance, the deleterious m...
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