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Current pathophysiological concepts and management of pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH), increasingly recognized as a major health burden, remains underdiagnosed due mainly to the unspecific symptoms. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been extensively investigated. Pathophysiological knowledge derives mostly from experimental models. Paradoxically, common non-PAH PH forms remain largely unexplored. Drugs targeting lung vascular tonus became available during the ...

Comparison of different methods of heart rate entropy analysis during acute ano...

Acute life-threatening situations are particularly critical when superimposed on chronic diseases. The objective of this study was the assessment of heart rate (HR) dynamics during episodes of acute anoxia superimposed on a rat model of chronic pulmonary hypertension. In 10 adult Wistar rats, five weeks after pulmonary hypertension induction with Monocrotaline, we analysed eight 1-min HR segments, during episod...

Diastolic tolerance to systolic pressures closely reflects systolic performance...

In animal experiments, elevating systolic pressures induces diastolic dysfunction and may contribute to congestion, a finding not yet translated to humans. Coronary surgery patients (63 ± 8 years) were studied with left ventricular (LV) pressure (n = 17) or pressure-volume (n = 3) catheters, immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass. Single-beat graded pressure elevations were induced by clamping the ascending ...

Time course and mechanisms of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfuncti...

Although pulmonary hypertension (PH) selectively overloads the right ventricle (RV), neuroendocrine activation and intrinsic myocardial dysfunction have been described in the left ventricle (LV). In order to establish the timing of LV dysfunction development in PH and to clarify underlying molecular changes, Wistar rats were studied 4 and 6 weeks after subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT) 60 mg/kg (MCT...

Attenuation of the cardiovascular and metabolic complications of obesity in CD1...

Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in nephrotic syndrome

There is an increased incidence of heart disease in patients with chronic nephrotic syndrome (NS), which may be attributable to the malnutrition and activated inflammatory state accompanying the sustained proteinuria. In this study, we evaluated renal function, cardiac morphometry, contractile function, and myocardial gene expression in the established puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis rat model of NS. Two we...

Ghrelin reverses molecular, structural and hemodynamic alterations of the right...

Ghrelin is an endogenous peptide that has a dual effect by activating specific receptors and by stimulating release of growth hormone. There is increasing evidence that ghrelin has a potent vasodilator effect. Recently, we demonstrated that exogenous administration of ghrelin modulates its endogenous levels and attenuates the majority of alterations induced by monocrotaline (MCT). In the present study, we evalu...

Myocardial Dysfunction and Neurohumoral Activation Without Remodeling in the Le...

In monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), only the right ventricle (RV) endures overload, but both ventricles are exposed to enhanced neuroendocrine stimulation. To assess whether in long-standing PH the left ventricular (LV) myocardium molecular/contractile phenotype can be disturbed, we evaluated myocardial function, histology, and gene expression of autocrine/paracrine systems in rats with ...

Acute changes of biventricular gene expression in volume and right ventricular ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of acute volume and RV pressure overload on biventricular function and gene expression of BNP, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), iNOS, growth factors (IGF-1, ppET-1), ACE and Ca2+-handling proteins (SERCA2a, phospholamban and calsequestrin). METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=45) instrumented with pressure tip micromanometers in right (RV) and left ventricular (LV...

Activation profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute cardiac overload

INTRODUCTION: Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in ventricular remodeling during heart failure progression. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute volume and RV pressure overload on biventricular hemodynamics and myocardial gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 45) instrumented with RV and LV tip micromanometers were randomly assigned to one of t...