The quality of life of the population living in urban areas, not only the Portuguese, as the European and even the world, has been demonstrating a growing degradation. There are multiple dimensions embodied in the definition of "quality of life", which means, "individuals' perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, exp...
Proteins of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family play an important role in many biological processes like cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and death. APRIL (A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand) is a member of this cytokine family, promotes tumor proliferation and survival, and modulates B cells activities, enhancing cell survival and antibody production. However, whether APRIL exerts any effect on T ...
The temperature and solids effect on the mass transfer characteristics in a bubble column was studied experimentally for the systems air/water/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) beads and air/water/expandable polystyrene (EPS) beads. Volumetric liquid side mass transfer coefficient, kLa, was determined under different temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35ºC), solid concentrations (up to 5%), gas flow rates (up to 7.4 mm/s) and so...
This paper presents some results of the ongoing investigation concerning the economical evaluation of road traffic noise. As the majority of the European countries, Portugal has part of its 10 million citizens exposed to excessive noise levels, according to the WHO suggested values. Considering the relevance of this subject and the constant increase in road traffic volume, it was recognized the importance of an...
The purpose of this study is the analysis of noise influence on real estate values calculated according to the Real Estate Taxation Code issued on 2003. The relationship "noise/real estate taxes" was based on GIS analysis performed on Portuguese cities merging land use, noise maps, noise classification areas and location factors. The combination of all these elements provided the definition of conflict areas an...
In 2003, Portuguese government issued the decree-law 287/2003, concerning Real Estate Taxation. Nominal valuation of urban property was considered outdated and in need for reassessment with a new evaluation system based on objective parameters (construction cost, built area, site location, construction quality and building purpose). The goal of this study is the analysis of noise influence on real estate value...
In 2006, following the European Directive 2002/49/CE, the Portuguese government adjusted its legal framework regarding noise, issuing the decree-law n. 146/2006, introducing a new noise indicator (Lden) and period (evening). These two main changes implied the revision of the Portuguese Noise Code and, in January 2007, was approved the third Portuguese noise code (decree-law n.º 9/2007). These two pieces of legi...
This paper analyses the evolution of the Portuguese planning system (land use management and road network) along with the evolution of population’s environmental awareness, especially regarding traffic noise. Until 2000, the ineffectiveness of noise legislation and the demographic movements towards the coastline, in conjunction with the European funding, created the adequate conditions to the development ...
As result of the European Directive 2002/49/CE (25th June 2002), the Portuguese government through a preliminary study made by the Portuguese Road Authority (EP – Empresa Pública Estradas de Portugal) became aware of the road traffic noise present situation. So, it seemed important to question the influence of land use management on this issue. Over the past decades, the Portuguese cities have enlarged, m...
As result of the European Directive 2002/49/CE approval on the 25th June 2002, the Portuguese government through the Portuguese Road Authority (EP – Empresa Pública Estradas de Portugal) and the support of the University of Porto, decided to analyse the situation on one of the most noise annoyed areas of Portugal concerning road traffic (LAeq up to 77 dB), and to evaluate the need for noise mitigation sol...
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