No âmbito de um projeto de investigação em curso (PTDC/CTM-CER/121295/2010), materiais derivados de argilas, de várias proveniências e submetidas a diferentes tratamentos de modificação, estão a ser usados como catalisadores em várias reações de interesse, como, por exemplo, na metoxilação do limoneno e na conversão do glicerol. Uma das possíveis vantagens, face a outros catalisadores alternativos, relaciona-se...
Ion exchange and acid activation are easy and appropriate modification treatments for obtaining versatile clay derived catalysts which can be tailored for a precise reaction of interest. Depending on the specific conditions and also on the nature of the starting clays, the alterations in the porosity and the surface chemistry that occur can be determinant for the catalytic performance, in particular for selecti...
A detailed description of the porosity, in particular of microporosity, was reported and allowed a clear comparison of the effects on the porosity of chemical treatments on clays from the Source Clays Repository (USA) and SD clay from Porto Santo (Portugal).
In this study, we report the use of clay-based catalysts in the methoxylation of limonene, for the selective synthesis of terpinyl methyl ether. Na-SAz-1, Ca-SWy-2 and Sap-Ca source clays and a montmorillonite (SD) from Porto Santo, Madeira Archipelago, Portugal were modified by (i) ion-exchange with Al, Fe, Ni and Na and (ii) acid activation, to produce catalysts with markedly different acidic and textural pr...
2009
In the present work we extend the applicability of those Ti-MCM-41 materials, as heterogeneous catalysts, to produce an important intermediate, isopulegol, from the cyclisation of citronellal. The use of this kind of materials appears to be a good option over homogeneous catalysts, because they offer the advantage of recovery and, consequently, contribute to environmentally friendly processes.
We describe the experimental apparatus and the methods to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation in 87Rb atoms. Atoms are first laser cooled in a standard double magneto-optical trap setup and then transferred into a QUIC trap. The system is brought to quantum degeneracy selectively removing the hottest atoms from the trap by radio-frequency radiation. We also present the main theoretical aspects of the Bose-Einste...
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