Two industrial elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching sequences, D0(EOP)D1(EP)D2 and OQ(PO)DP, are compared with respect to the bulk content of lignin, carboxyl, hexeneuronic acids (HexA), and reducing groups after each bleaching stage. HexA groups contribute significantly to the total content of carboxyl groups, and their degradation during chlorine dioxide bleaching is reflected by a decrease of the carboxyl...
In this paper a heterogeneous lumped parameter model is proposed to describe the mass transfer of effective alkali during the kraft pulping of wood. This model, based on the spatial mean of the concentration profile of effective alkali along the chip thickness, enables the estimation of the effective diffusion coefficient that characterizes the internal resistance to mass transfer and the contribution of the ex...
Measurements from two automated fiber analyzers—Kajaani FS-200 and Galai CIS-100—are compared.The FS-200 measures fiber length and coarseness via an indirect optical method.The CIS-100 measures fiber length and width by analyzing video images of fibers. Length-weighted average fiber lengths for the FS-200 were 10–20% lower than those for the CIS-100. Reference measurements from microscopic image analysis sugges...
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