O sistema público de segurança social em Portugal (em particular o sistema de pensões) assenta genericamente numa lógica de financiamento em repartição contemporânea, no âmbito da qual é estabelecido em cada momento um contrato social implícito entre pelo menos três gerações: uma geração activa que financia as pensões e outras prestações da geração inactiva e reformada, na expectativa de ver no futuro as suas p...
A matemática é um instrumento científico fundamental para a modelação, compreensão e resolução dos desafios que se colocam ao nosso Planeta e aos seres vivos que o habitam neste início de milénio. Entendida num âmbito lato, a Matemática do Planeta Terra é incontornável para enfrentar os problema climáticos, demográficos, ecológicos, económicos, energéticos, sociais, ou tecnológicos contemporâneos. No livro reún...
The chapter summarizes the financial, economic, social, and demographic conditions that motivated proposals to reform the Arab Republic of Egypt’s social insurance system. It elaborates on the appropriateness of a nonfinancial (notional) defined contribution (NDC) scheme—a key element in the structure of the new pension system—in a middle-to-low-income country and discusses the main options and constraints that...
This chapter investigates the efficacy of current state-of-the-art life expectancy modeling in projecting life expectancy at “the” pension age—that is, the age at which a life annuity must be granted according to current practice in NDC (and FDC) schemes. We provide an overview of current modeling philosophy and of the genre of projection models inspired by the work of Ronald Lee and Lawrence Carter (1992). We ...
Extreme value theory (EVT) provides a framework to formalize the study of behaviour in the tails of a distribution. In this paper we use EVT to model the statistical behaviour of mortality rates over a given high threshold age and to estimate the significance of rare longevity risk in a given population. We adopt a piecewise approach in estimating the optimal threshold age using an iterative algorithm of maximu...
In this paper, we evaluate the relative immunization performance of the multifactor parametric interest rate risk model based on the Nelson-Siegel-Svensson specification of the yield curve with that of standard benchmark investment strategies, using European Central Bank yield curve data in the period between January 3, 2005 and December 31, 2011. In addition, we examine the role of portfolio design in the succ...
O continuado aumento do rácio de dependência dos idosos torna os tradicionais sistemas de pensões públicos do tipo Pay-As-You-Go insustentáveis e induzirá, como se confirma em Portugal, uma redução da parcela do rendimento na reforma que é "garantida" pelo Estado. Por outro lado, a tendência verificada no mercado de conversão dos planos de pensões privados do tipo Defined-Benefit (DB) para planos do tipo Define...
In this paper we will essentially consider the relations between the State punitive claim as well as the pursuit of material truth of facts on the one hand, and on the other hand, the admissibility of evidence collected on the body of the accused in criminal investigations. Aware of the multiple and different refractions that this matter involves, especially considering the potential interference of the princip...
In recent years we have seen an increasing demand for indicators of mortality for smaller (sub-national, sub-regional) areas, either to examine geographic inequalities in mortality, to monitor the effects of Public Health policies, to inform local strategies or to prepare long-term sub-national population projections. The usual way to obtain life expectancy indicators involves the construction of complete or ab...
The Lee-Carter Model and extensions have been used for decades by official Statistic Bureaus has the standard framework for projecting future mortality rates in population projections. Intrinsically, the model assumes that the dynamics of death rates over time are driven by a single time-varying parameter and that mortality forecasts rely on the extrapolation of this index using appropriate statistical timeseri...
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