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Pain elicited by the Cold Pressor Test: A gender-comparative FACS coding study ...

Gil, Luisa; De Sousa, Cristina; Baunninger-Huber, Eva; Schiestl, Cathrin; Toussaint, Kyra; Gruber, Verena; Oliveira, Armando Monica

Evolutionary theories of pain have conjectured a better ability of males to control their facial expressions of pain, and of females to express and communicate emotions through the face. The present study involved 24 participants (12 men; 12 women). Pain was induced via the Cold Pressor Test (CPT), and three expressive contexts (spontaneous, faked an inhibited) were created through instructions. Elicited pain e...


Smile types, empathy and perceptions of social interaction

De Sousa, Cristina; Oliveira, Armando Monica; Baunninger-Huber, Eva; Schiestl, Cathrin; Gruber, Verena; Alves, Paulo; Gonçalves, Jose; Luis, Sergio

Smiles have been related to affective states (either positive or negative) and to communicative and interactive processes. The present study aims to evaluate the perception of 16 types of smiles as regards empathy and potential for social interaction, with a view at establishing the meaning accorded by decoders to differently FACS coded smiles. A smile data base collected in a clinical context was FACS coded an...


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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Universidade do Minho   Governo Português Ministério da Educação e Ciência Programa Operacional da Sociedade do Conhecimento União Europeia