A simple, economic, highly sensitive and highly selective method for the detection of caffeine has been developed at bare and Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The electrochemical behaviour of caffeine was examined in electrolyte solutions of phosphate buffer saline, sodium perchlorate, and in choline chloride plus oxalic acid, using analytical determinations by fixed potential amperometry, phosph...
Functionalised graphene (G) and nitrogen doped graphene (NG) nanomaterials are excellent candidates for electrocatalytic sensing of biomolecules and for developing biosensors, due to their unique physicochemical and electronic properties. Electrochemical characterisation and comparison of basic or acidic functionalised G and NG has been carried out, as well as of composite materials based on NG with the conduct...
A new conducting composite flexible material prepared from cellulose acetate (CA) polymer and graphite has been developed and used for the fabrication of electrodes, which were then characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to provide information concerning the morphology of the composite electrode surface. The potential window, b...
A comparative investigation has been undertaken of the electrosynthesis and electrochemical properties of three different electroactive polymers on carbon film electrode substrates: poly(neutral red) from the phenazine dye neutral red, and poly(methylene green) and poly(methylene blue), from the corresponding phenothiazine dyes. The formation of the radical cation at different potentials and the chemical struct...
A new amperometric biosensor for ethanol monitoring has been developed and optimised. The biosensor uses poly(neutral red) (PNR), as redox mediator, which is electropolymerised on carbon film electrodes and alcohol oxidase (AlcOx) from Hansenula polymorpha as recognition element, immobilised by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (GA) in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as carrier protein. Optimisation ...
A flow cell has been designed for use with an electrochemical enzyme biosensor, based on low-cost carbon-film electrodes. Three types of mediators were used: cobalt and copper hexacyanoferrates and poly(neutral red) (PNR), covered with glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilised by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde in the presence of bovine serum albumin or inside a oxysilane sol-gel network. Mixtures of sol-gel precurso...
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