O impacto da computação quântica na criptografia moderna

• Autor(es): Silva, Fernando Guilherme Gonçalves Pequeno de Oliveira e
• Data: 2013
• Identificador Persistente: http://hdl.handle.net/1822/27977
• Origem: RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho
• Tipo de Documento: Dissertação de Mestrado
• Idioma: Português
• Orientador(es): Almeida, José Bacelar; Barros, José Bernardo

Descrição

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Informática Quantum computing emerged from quantum physics as a new computational model. In a quantum computer, data is encoded directly in the physical state of a quantum system, and data-operations are transformations governed by the dynamics of quantum mechanics. The computational model obtained differ significantly from their classical counterpart, allowing to solve efficiently problems that are believed not to possess efficient solutions in classical computers. This fact has a deep effect in cryptography, since the security of most modern cryptographic schemes rely on hardness assumptions of particular problems, such as integer factorization or discrete logarithm. This work aims to provide a comprehensive study of Quantum Computation and its mathematical foundation. Moreover, we will focus on the interaction between quantum computation and cryptography. Specifically, we will address: (1) the impact of some proposed quantum algorithms to the hardness assumptions of widely used cryptographic schemes, (2) new cryptographic ”hard-problems”that are believed to be resilient to quantum computers, and (3) the exploitation of quantum effects in the design of new cryptographic schemes (quantum cryptography). The SAGE open source mathematics software system (www.sagemath.com) will be used to prototype/animate the concepts studied.