Autor(es):
Neves, César 
Data: 2013
Identificador Persistente: http://hdl.handle.net/10451/10370
Origem: Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Assunto(s): Arqueologia; Neolítico; Pré-História; Monte da Foz 1
Detalhes do Documento
A evolução do Processo de Neolitização numa paisagem estuarina: a ocupação do M...
Descrição
A escavação arqueológica do Monte da Foz 1 (Benavente, Portugal) permitiu a observação de um nível de ocupação preservado, crono culturalmente enquadrado com uma fase evoluída do Neolítico antigo, em transição para o Neolítico médio (entre a 2ª metade do V milénio e o início do IV milénio AC). Face à temática específica desenvolvida neste encontro, mais do que caracterizar crono culturalmente os dados arqueológicos identificados, bem como a sua integração na dinâmica evolutiva decorrente do processo de neolitização no actual território português, optou-se por direccionaro essencial deste texto para o contexto ambiental com o qual as comunidades neolíticas se depararam, quando ocuparam o Monte da Foz 1, e que tipo de estratégia ocupacional teriam adoptado face ao meio envolvente. Abstract: The open-air site of Monte da Foz I (Benavente, Portugal) was identified during a surface archaeological survey and was partly excavated by a rescue program during the construction of the A10 - Highway. The excavation took place in different areas affected by the highway. The five soundings of one of these areas, the squares B10-B14, allowed the observation a secure and preserved archaeological context. This paper is the result of the full study of this archaeological data and gives a chrono-cultural frame in the evolutionary dynamics of the neolithisation process in the current Portuguese territory. The absence of eco-facts in the archaeological record didn’t allow the access of radiocarbon chronology. Therefore, the chronology was gained according to the techno-typological analysis of the material culture and by the characterization of the typology and functional strategy of the human occupation. This short duration settlement seems to fit in a typology of contexts culturally related to the neolithisation process. The occupation of Monte da Foz was defined from the late phases of the early Neolithic in transition to the middle Neolithic which suggests the time frame of the 2nd half of the Vth millennium and the beginnings of the IVth millennium BC. This figure is based on the following facts: the major presence of undecorated pottery; the importance of ceramic containers decorated with an incised line below the rim; the preference of a macro industry of flakes and borers, using local raw materials (quartzite and quartz); the existence of a flint industry that produced blades, bladelets and geometric armatures represented by segments and trapezes, combined with a short occupation strategy. The transition of the evolved early Neolithic to the middle Neolithic is still not fully defined. Most probably this transition occurred from the 2nd half of the Vth millennium cal BC until the construction of the first megalithic monuments in IVth millenniu m. The empirical data reported in some archaeological sites framed in this chrono-cultural stage seems to show a common material culture pattern. Similar archaeological records are known in different geological and geographical contexts: the Limestone Massifs of Estremadura, the Lower Tagus Valley (Monte da Foz I), the Southwest Coast and Central Alentejo. These locations demonstrate the existence of communities with strong dynamic movements and interactions. According to the material culture, the group that occupied the Monte da Foz I could be, economically and socially, connected to the neolithisation process, within an overall framework of rupture with the Mesolithic
A escavação arqueológica do Monte da Foz 1 (Benavente, Portugal) permitiu a observação de um nível de ocupação preservado, crono culturalmente enquadrado com uma fase evoluída do Neolítico antigo, em transição para o Neolítico médio (entre a 2ª metade do V milénio e o início do IV milénio AC). Face à temática específica desenvolvida neste encontro, mais do que caracterizar crono culturalmente os dados arqueológicos identificados, bem como a sua integração na dinâmica evolutiva decorrente do processo de neolitização no actual território português, optou-se por direccionaro essencial deste texto para o contexto ambiental com o qual as comunidades neolíticas se depararam, quando ocuparam o Monte da Foz 1, e que tipo de estratégia ocupacional teriam adoptado face ao meio envolvente. Abstract: The open-air site of Monte da Foz I (Benavente, Portugal) was identified during a surface archaeological survey and was partly excavated by a rescue program during the construction of the A10 - Highway. The excavation took place in different areas affected by the highway. The five soundings of one of these areas, the squares B10-B14, allowed the observation a secure and preserved archaeological context. This paper is the result of the full study of this archaeological data and gives a chrono-cultural frame in the evolutionary dynamics of the neolithisation process in the current Portuguese territory. The absence of eco-facts in the archaeological record didn’t allow the access of radiocarbon chronology. Therefore, the chronology was gained according to the techno-typological analysis of the material culture and by the characterization of the typology and functional strategy of the human occupation. This short duration settlement seems to fit in a typology of contexts culturally related to the neolithisation process. The occupation of Monte da Foz was defined from the late phases of the early Neolithic in transition to the middle Neolithic which suggests the time frame of the 2nd half of the Vth millennium and the beginnings of the IVth millennium BC. This figure is based on the following facts: the major presence of undecorated pottery; the importance of ceramic containers decorated with an incised line below the rim; the preference of a macro industry of flakes and borers, using local raw materials (quartzite and quartz); the existence of a flint industry that produced blades, bladelets and geometric armatures represented by segments and trapezes, combined with a short occupation strategy. The transition of the evolved early Neolithic to the middle Neolithic is still not fully defined. Most probably this transition occurred from the 2nd half of the Vth millennium cal BC until the construction of the first megalithic monuments in IVth millenniu m. The empirical data reported in some archaeological sites framed in this chrono-cultural stage seems to show a common material culture pattern. Similar archaeological records are known in different geological and geographical contexts: the Limestone Massifs of Estremadura, the Lower Tagus Valley (Monte da Foz I), the Southwest Coast and Central Alentejo. These locations demonstrate the existence of communities with strong dynamic movements and interactions. According to the material culture, the group that occupied the Monte da Foz I could be, economically and socially, connected to the neolithisation process, within an overall framework of rupture with the Mesolithic
Tipo de Documento
Artigo
Idioma Português
Idioma Português
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