Autor(es):
Apóstolo, João Luis Alves 
; Dias, Carlos Manuel de Melo
Data: 2013
Origem: Repositório Científico da Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra
Assunto(s): Progressive Muscle Relaxation; Schizophrenia;
Detalhes do Documento
Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation training for Adults diagnosed wi...
Descrição
Title - Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation training for Adults diagnosed with Schizophrenia - a systematic review Centre Name - Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: an Affiliate Centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Primary Reviewer - João Apóstolo Reviewer e-mail - apostolo@esenfc.pt Secondary Reviewer - Carlos Melo-Dias Secondary Reviewer Email - cmelodias@esenfc.pt Population - adults (aged >18) with a current diagnosis schizophrenia. Intervention - Progressive Muscle Relaxation compared with no intervention or another type of relaxation intervention Background - If stress is acknowledge as reasonable, then it becomes propulsive, constituting an impulse that causes the individual to make decisions, solve problems, improve their functioning and their abilities. The stress in this sense will help motivate the individual to achieve desirable goals, giving some flavor to life, providing an incentive for personal and professional achievement (Vaz-Serra, 2000, p.262-263). If this became prolonged and intense beyond the immediate emergency can be harmful. When an individual goes through successive circumstances, for them are inducing stress, these will have an additive effect. Therefore the individual becomes more sensitive to unpleasant events and passes to react more easily and more intensely, resulting in a condition of chronic overtension and continued hyperactivity, in particular, consistent, excessive covert tightening of the skeletal musculature overdrives the central nervous system and increases activity of the autonomic, cardiovascular, endocrine, and other systems (Vaz-Serra, 1980; Davis, 2000; Lehrer, Woolfolk, Sime, 2007). Overall the consequences alone or in combination of these components of anxiety generate a reduced efficiency of behavior in general, and also shows inhibited many other activities such as contacts, professional activities outside the routine or family moments beyond the usual (Vaz-Serra, 1980; Vancampfort et al, 2013). People with schizophrenia experience difficulties in coping with psychological distress and anxiety, and possess a relatively limited repertoire of coping strategies (Achim et al, 2011 cited by Vancampfort et al, 2013) As symptoms of anxiety have been described as a central feature of schizophrenia since all times (Tandon et al, 2009), they become itself as stress factors that worsens existing prodromes or symptoms, leading to a vicious circle of growing stress and increased symptoms (Heinrichs & Carpenter, 1985). One way of breaking the anxiety circle would be to reinterpret the bodily changes in a positive thoughts form, or neutralize the anxiety with the use of relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, or introduce graded exposure to the feared situation (Vancampfort et al, 2013). Relaxation is conceptualized as a complex response class involving motor, visceral, observational responses and verbal behavior. Motor behavior involves action of the skeletal muscles. Visceral responding is concerned with homeostatic functions including breathing, temperature, and muscle tension. Observational responses seek out stimuli in the environment or generate discriminative stimuli. Verbal behavior is concerned with overt or covert vocal behavior in relation to relaxed behavior (Poppen, 1998 cited by Lundervold & Dunlap, 2006). Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) was originally developed by Edmund Jacobson (Jacobson, 1939) requiring dozens of sessions where the participant was taught to relax 30 different muscle groups. Training consisted of successive tensing and relaxing of muscle groups, beginning with the upper body and proceeding to the lower parts (Georgiev et al, 2012). There are two general purposes of tension control: prophylactic and therapeutic. By learning to relax differentially 24 hours a day, a person can increase the likelihood of preventing a stress or tension disorder. For a person already thus victimized, clinical PMR can often ease or eliminate the condition (Lehrer, Woolfolk, Sime, 2007). The aim of this review is the dissemination of the impact of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) in response to anxiety, social isolation, personal and social functioning, cognition, sadness, conversation, and well-being, in adults with experience of schizophrenia. Outcomes - Primary outcomes: anxiety, social isolation, personal and social functioning, cognition, sadness, conversation, and well-being. Secondary outcomes: data from physiological measurement (respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature), and self-rating (self-report from participants), and postures structured observation, and also counting attended training sessions.
Title - Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation training for Adults diagnosed with Schizophrenia - a systematic review Centre Name - Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: an Affiliate Centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Primary Reviewer - João Apóstolo Reviewer e-mail - apostolo@esenfc.pt Secondary Reviewer - Carlos Melo-Dias Secondary Reviewer Email - cmelodias@esenfc.pt Population - adults (aged >18) with a current diagnosis schizophrenia. Intervention - Progressive Muscle Relaxation compared with no intervention or another type of relaxation intervention Background - If stress is acknowledge as reasonable, then it becomes propulsive, constituting an impulse that causes the individual to make decisions, solve problems, improve their functioning and their abilities. The stress in this sense will help motivate the individual to achieve desirable goals, giving some flavor to life, providing an incentive for personal and professional achievement (Vaz-Serra, 2000, p.262-263). If this became prolonged and intense beyond the immediate emergency can be harmful. When an individual goes through successive circumstances, for them are inducing stress, these will have an additive effect. Therefore the individual becomes more sensitive to unpleasant events and passes to react more easily and more intensely, resulting in a condition of chronic overtension and continued hyperactivity, in particular, consistent, excessive covert tightening of the skeletal musculature overdrives the central nervous system and increases activity of the autonomic, cardiovascular, endocrine, and other systems (Vaz-Serra, 1980; Davis, 2000; Lehrer, Woolfolk, Sime, 2007). Overall the consequences alone or in combination of these components of anxiety generate a reduced efficiency of behavior in general, and also shows inhibited many other activities such as contacts, professional activities outside the routine or family moments beyond the usual (Vaz-Serra, 1980; Vancampfort et al, 2013). People with schizophrenia experience difficulties in coping with psychological distress and anxiety, and possess a relatively limited repertoire of coping strategies (Achim et al, 2011 cited by Vancampfort et al, 2013) As symptoms of anxiety have been described as a central feature of schizophrenia since all times (Tandon et al, 2009), they become itself as stress factors that worsens existing prodromes or symptoms, leading to a vicious circle of growing stress and increased symptoms (Heinrichs & Carpenter, 1985). One way of breaking the anxiety circle would be to reinterpret the bodily changes in a positive thoughts form, or neutralize the anxiety with the use of relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, or introduce graded exposure to the feared situation (Vancampfort et al, 2013). Relaxation is conceptualized as a complex response class involving motor, visceral, observational responses and verbal behavior. Motor behavior involves action of the skeletal muscles. Visceral responding is concerned with homeostatic functions including breathing, temperature, and muscle tension. Observational responses seek out stimuli in the environment or generate discriminative stimuli. Verbal behavior is concerned with overt or covert vocal behavior in relation to relaxed behavior (Poppen, 1998 cited by Lundervold & Dunlap, 2006). Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) was originally developed by Edmund Jacobson (Jacobson, 1939) requiring dozens of sessions where the participant was taught to relax 30 different muscle groups. Training consisted of successive tensing and relaxing of muscle groups, beginning with the upper body and proceeding to the lower parts (Georgiev et al, 2012). There are two general purposes of tension control: prophylactic and therapeutic. By learning to relax differentially 24 hours a day, a person can increase the likelihood of preventing a stress or tension disorder. For a person already thus victimized, clinical PMR can often ease or eliminate the condition (Lehrer, Woolfolk, Sime, 2007). The aim of this review is the dissemination of the impact of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) in response to anxiety, social isolation, personal and social functioning, cognition, sadness, conversation, and well-being, in adults with experience of schizophrenia. Outcomes - Primary outcomes: anxiety, social isolation, personal and social functioning, cognition, sadness, conversation, and well-being. Secondary outcomes: data from physiological measurement (respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature), and self-rating (self-report from participants), and postures structured observation, and also counting attended training sessions.
Tipo de Documento
Research paper
Idioma Inglês
Idioma Inglês
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